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The museum collection of archeology is being formed since the 1920s. At
that time the museum received objects of antique art craft from the Leningrad
branch of the State Museum Fund. Among them were amulets made of the Egyptian
faience, glass and metal adornments, a small collection of carved stones
and lithics. The small part of objects has arrived from the Western-Siberian
branch of Russian Geographical Society collection.
         In 1988 the collection of antique
craft was supplemented with a collection of antique ceramics and glass,
transferred to the museum from the State Hermitage.
         In second half of the 1980s
the archeological collection included in its structure the artistic works
found in the Omsk Irtysh territory. In the beginning of the 1990s from
archeological museums of the Omsk State University and the Omsk State
Pedagogical University were transferred objects found during archeological
excavations in the taiga, forest-steppe and steppe territories of the
Omsk Region made under the direction of V.A. Mogilnikov, V.I. Matyushchenko,
B.A. Konikov, L.I. Pogodin. Was formed a significant section of the collection
reflecting features of the depicting activity of the population the Omsk
Irtysh area of the epochs of an antiquity and the Middle Ages, due to
what chronological frameworks of the collection have broadened: Third
millennium BC – 12th century (including antique craft of the 5th century
BC – 5th century AD). Now the collection numbers about 1667 units.
         Geographical frameworks of the
collection cover the centers of a classical antiquity - Attica, Northern
Black Sea Coast, Asia Minor, Bactria, East Turkestan, probably Northern
China, and territory of distribution of archeological cultures of the
Omsk Irtysh zone from taiga areas up to steppes. Alongside with objects
of the local making a significant place is occupied by import products.
         The collection includes items
made of ceramics, glass, stone, bronze, bone, iron, gold, silver, and
also art textiles.
         To the epoch of the early Iron
Age represented in the Irtysh zone by the Sargatka culture, belong objects
from the burial ground Sidorovka. In the museum funds are concentrated
all most significant art goods from this burial mound necropolis, describing
an applied art widespread among the nomadic peoples at the end of the
first millennium BC - beginning of the first millennium AD: golden waist
belt plates with the image of two fighting feline predators and a dragon,
phalars depicting incurved winged dragon.
         Extremely interesting are objects
from another complex of Sargatka culture, Isakovka I which is dated to
the 2nd – 4th centuries AD. Among them – golden waist rectangular plates
decorated with compositions of fighting fantastic animals scenes. Special
decorative effect is given to them by color inserts of which till our
time turquoise ones are well preserved. Scenes of animals tearing each
other to pieces are engraved on the belt buckle, on the dagger pendants,
on shoe clasps.
         The silver bowls, probably,
served as cult vessels for sacrificial libations. Articles are interesting
not only by their decorative resolution, but, first of all by the inscriptions
placed on their external walls which are the samples of ancient Parphia
and Khoresm writing.
         Gold and silver articles of
personal decoration, weapons and horse harnesses belong to the “animal
style” which characterizes art of nomadic peoples of Eurasia of an epoch
of the early Iron Age.
         The collection of an epoch of
the Middle Ages is represented by bronze goods, executed in the technique
of moulding. They depict images characteristic for thinking of the taiga
population: bear, elk, birds (eagle, owl, eagle-owl), man.
         A ladle from the Kip complex
is dated to the epoch of the advanced Middle Ages (10th – 12th centuries).
         Its purpose (waist ladle), its
form, its general contour, especially obvious in the handle, are typical
for Turkic peoples. An arrangement of images on horizontal zones is a
development of the ancient Eastern art system. Plots of imperial hunting,
an eagle tearing a hare to pieces were wide spread in Achemenid Iran,
and a motive of heavenly hunting - among the nomads. Genre, on the first
sight, scene depicting a drover with a donkey, can go back to the ritual
action known among the Hittites.
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